Which theory emphasizes the study of the whole person and empathy, and aims to improve self-image or self-actualization?

Which theory emphasizes the study of the whole person and empathy, and aims to improve self-image or self-actualization?

• A. Humanistic Theory
• B. Adlerian Theory
• C. Existential Theory
• D. Cognitive Theory

Answer: (B)

The main idea being tested is the humanistic approach to psychology, which treats the person as a whole and values empathy as a core therapeutic attitude. This perspective, championed by theorists like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, focuses on the individual’s subjective experience, inherent worth, and the capacity for growth. Its goal is to support the person in developing a healthier self-image and moving toward self-actualization—becoming who they are capable of becoming.

That emphasis on viewing the person holistically, using empathetic understanding, and aiming for personal growth and a more integrated self aligns best with the humanistic approach. Other theories center on different focal points—Adlerian theory highlights social belonging and striving for significance, existential theory centers on meaning and freedom, and cognitive theory focuses on thoughts and beliefs—areas that don’t place the same primacy on empathy-led growth and self-actualization.